Rosacea is a common, long-term skin condition that mainly affects the face. It can cause redness, visible blood vessels, spots, and sensitive or irritated skin. It often affects the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin.
The exact cause isn't fully understood. It may involve a combination of genetics, the immune system and how the skin's blood vessels respond to triggers.
Common triggers include:
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Sunlight and hot weather
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Hot drinks and spicy foods
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Alcohol
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Stress or strong emotions
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Hot baths, saunas and strenuous exercise
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Certain skincare products
Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and it isn't contagious.
Common symptoms include:
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Facial redness: the cheeks and nose may look persistently flushed.
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Flushing: the face becomes red or hot, sometimes after exercise, stress or eating spicy food.
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Visible blood vessels: tiny red veins may appear on the skin.
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Spots and bumps: red pimples or pus-filled spots that can resemble acne.
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Sensitive skin: burning, stinging, dryness or irritation.
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Eye symptoms: dry, gritty, watery or irritated eyes in some people.
Symptoms vary from person to person, and not everyone experiences all of them.
There is no permanent cure, but symptoms can often be controlled effectively.
Rosacea usually comes and goes in flare-ups, but it tends to be a long-term condition. Identifying your triggers and using appropriate treatment can make a significant difference.
Try using a mild cleanser, fragrance-free moisturiser and a daily broad-spectrum SPF 30–50 sunscreen. Avoid harsh scrubs and products that sting.
In the UK, you can speak to your GP if you think you have rosacea. If you develop eye pain, light sensitivity or changes in vision, seek urgent medical assessment.
A GP or dermatologist may recommend treatments such as azelaic acid, ivermectin or metronidazole to reduce bumps and inflammation.